PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR RISIKO WASTING PADA BALITA DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS DATA RISET KESEHATAN DASAR 2018
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Sudikno
Fitrah Ernawati
Budi Setyawati
Salimar Salimar
Noviati Fuada
Nur Handayani Utami
Kencana Sari
Abstract
Wasting is a form of acute undernutrition that increases morbidity and mortality among children under five. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and provincial distribution of wasting and identify its risk factors among Indonesian children under five. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data from 59,391 children aged 0–59 months. Wasting was defined as a weight-for-length/height z-score below −2 SD based on the 2006 WHO growth standards. Analyses accounted for the complex survey design, and multiple logistic regression was used to identify associated factors. The prevalence of wasting was 10.5 percent (95% CI: 10.1–10.8), comprising 6.8 percent moderate and 3.7 percent severe wasting, ranging from 4.1 percent in North Kalimantan to 15.9 percent in West Nusa Tenggara. Higher odds of wasting were observed among boys, children aged 0–11 months (AOR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.32–1.59) and 12–23 months, those with low birth weight (AOR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.26–1.84), those born at home, in primary health centres or in private practices (compared with private hospitals), children without a Maternal and Child Health handbook, children with unemployed fathers (AOR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.07–1.76), and those with underweight mothers (AOR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.11–1.48) or fathers. Children from households with very difficult access to hospitals also had higher odds of wasting, whereas maternal overweight and obesity were associated with lower odds. Wasting remains a substantial public health problem in Indonesia, requiring prevention from preconception and pregnancy through early growth monitoring and improved access to health services.
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