PERBEDAAN FAKTOR RISIKO OVERWEIGHT PADA BALITA DI PERKOTAAN DAN PERDESAAN INDONESIA [ANALISIS DATA STUDI STATUS GIZI BALITA INDONESIA 2019]

Abstract

Overweight in children under five is part of Indonesia's double burden of malnutrition, yet little is known about whether its risk factors differ between urban and rural areas. This study aimed to identify differences in risk factors for overweight among children aged 0–59 months in urban and rural Indonesia. This cross-sectional study analysed data from the 2019 Indonesian Under-five Children Nutritional Status Study (SSGBI) in 514 districts, including 84,578 children (33,693 urban; 50,885 rural). Overweight was defined as weight-for-length/height z-score >+2 SD (WHO 2006). Weighted logistic regression accounting for the complex survey design was run separately for each area, and differences between areas were tested with interaction terms. Overweight prevalence was 4.0% (95%CI 3.8–4.2), higher in urban (4.6%) than rural areas (3.4%; rural AOR 0.76; 95%CI 0.69–0.84). Boys had higher odds in both areas (urban AOR 1.17; rural AOR 1.18). Infants aged 0–5 months had higher odds only in rural areas (AOR 1.68; 95%CI 1.35–2.10), and rural Papua had the highest odds (AOR 1.76; 95%CI 1.33–2.33); no urban region exceeded Java-Bali. The age pattern differed by residence (p interaction=0.005), and the regional difference was borderline (p=0.055). Diarrhoea was not associated with overweight. Risk factors for overweight differ by residence mainly in age and region. Because infant length measurement is error-prone and socioeconomic and feeding data were unavailable, the finding in young rural infants needs confirmation; growth monitoring should assess weight-for-length/height, particularly in rural Papua and among urban preschool children