HUBUNGAN ASUPAN NATRIUM DAN CAIRAN DENGAN KENAIKAN BERAT BADAN INTERDIALITIK PASIEN HEMODIALISIS: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS

Abstract

Interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) is an important indicator for monitoring fluid status in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Objective to analyze the relationship between sodium and fluid intake and IDWG in patients undergoing hemodialysis based on the available evidence. This systematic literature review was conducted by searching several electronic databases, with the final search performed on March 23, 2026. Study selection followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies involving hemodialysis patients that evaluated the relationship between sodium and/or fluid intake and IDWG. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies evaluating fluid intake consistently reported a positive association with IDWG, with correlation coefficients ranging from weak to strong (r = 0.291–0.603). In contrast, findings regarding sodium intake were inconsistent. The certainty of evidence for both associations was rated very low due to limited control of confounding factors, inconsistency in findings regarding sodium intake, and inadequate reporting of effect estimates and confidence intervals. Other factors, including thirst, stress, self-efficacy, hydration status, and residual kidney function, were also associated with IDWG. The association between fluid intake and IDWG was more consistent than that between sodium intake and IDWG, although the overall certainty of evidence remains very low. Further studies using more robust intake assessment methods and better control of confounding factors are needed to strengthen the evidence and support the development of strategies for monitoring fluid and sodium intake.