GAMBARAN KONSUMSI PROTEIN NABATI DAN HEWANI PADA ANAK BALITA STUNTING DAN GIZI KURANG DI INDONESIA (THE PROFILE OF VEGETABLE - ANIMAL PROTEIN CONSUMPTION OF STUNTING AND UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD IN INDONESIA)

Abstract

Undernutrition is still public health problem in Indonesia, based on 2013 Basic Health Research showed that more than 20 percent of children under five in 18 out of 33 provinces were underweight and more than 20 percent in all of provinces were stunted, so the malnutrition is still a public health problem. Meanhile the SKMI 2014 showed that the average of protein consumption of children under five were above 100 persen RDA. Therefore the purpose of this data analysis was to establish the profile of protein intake and the nutritional status of children under five years old. The data sources were from the SKMI 2014 and the Basic Health Research 2013. The design of the two national health research were cross-sectional, and the analysis was done in National Institute of Heatlh Research and Development, Ministry of Health. Samples were children under five years old (ages 6-59 months). The variables collected were residence, socio economic, education, number of household members, the protein intake, vegetable and animal protein consumption, as well as their nutritional status. The result showed that among stunting and underweight children, the protein intake from animal foods especially milk and dairy foods were lower than children with normal nutritional status. Meanwhile the protein intake from vegetable was higher, especially cereals. Based on these results need to be developed foods containing high quality protein as well as providing information and education for people to consume more varied food sources of high quality protein with low prices such as nuts.

Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2013 menunjukkan 18 dari 33 provinsi mempunyai prevalensi gizi kurang (underweight) pada balita lebih dari 20 persen dan semua propinsi masih memiliki masalah stunting lebih dari 20 persen, sehingga masalah gizi kurang dan stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Data SKMI 2014 menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kecukupan rata-rata protein pada balita sudah di atas 100 persen. Analisis lanjut data SKMI 2014 dan data Riskesdas 2013 ini bertujuan untuk melihat profil keragaman asupan protein hubungannya dengan masalah gizi pada balita. Desain penelitian  Riskesdas maupun SKMI adalah cross-sectional.  Analisis data dilakukan di Badan Litbang Kesehatan dari bulan Juni -Oktober 2015. Sampel adalah anak balita (usia 6-59 bulan). Variabel yang dikumpulkan yaitu tempat tinggal, sosial ekonomi kepala keluarga, pendidikan kepala keluarga, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, asupan protein anak balita, konsumsi protein nabati dan hewani anak balita, masalah gizi anak balita yang kemudian dilakukan analisis antara asupan protein hewani dan asupan protein nabati. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada anak balita stunting maupun gizi kurang, asupan protein hewani terutama yang berasal dari  susu dan hasil olahnya lebih rendah dibandingkan anak balita dengan status gizi baik. Sebaliknya asupan protein dari bahan nabati lebih tinggi terutama serealia. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut perlu dikembangkan dan disosialisasikan seperti biskuit tinggi protein yang terbuat dari telur dan susu serta pemberian informasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat untuk mengonsumsi bahan pangan sumber protein hewani secara lebih bervariasi seperti protein dari kacang-kacangan.